[X0re]

"Space Brothers" (Uchuu Kyoudai): it follows two brothers who dream of becoming astronauts. It offers a realistic portrayal of the astronaut selection process and space missions.

[shady2020]

Kanata no Astra. Space anime, with an interesting twist and Gundam

[Bonsai]

Yes, there are many anime series and movies based on space or set in a space-related context. e.g., Cowboy Bebop & Aldnoah.Zero is my great favourites

[BehaveLike]

there are few; Planetes, Space Brothers, Cowboy Bebop, Astra Lost in Space

[EarthaQuiller]

There are many similar anime such as eva,Space Battleship Yamato,Magical Girl Friendship Squad,Freedom Project,Mobile Suit Gundam

[Lock]

Astra: Lost in Space is a short and honey space-faring story regarding a group of youngster people who find themselves lost between the stars of deep space.

[Ms_Shadow]

Some related to space:
Macross Frontier
Outlaw Star
Heroic Age
Nadesico
Vandread
Kiddy Grade
Black Heaven

Plenty more where these came from

[BehaveLike]

Darling x Franxx i mean its more on mecha but it has space i guess

[crinkly1]

planates is a good one though exploration might be a stretch

[NortherlyShout]

I love an eccentric alien hunter Space Dandy